American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Technologist in Cytogenetics certification (ASCP CG) Practice Test

How are AML types M0 and M1 typically classified in medical diagnostics?

1. Based on their response to chemotherapy

2. By evaluating differentiation and chromosomal changes

3. Through patient age and gender demographics

4. Based on clinical symptoms only

The correct answer is: By evaluating differentiation and chromosomal changes

The classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) types M0 and M1 is primarily based on evaluating differentiation and chromosomal changes. M0 is characterized by myeloid blasts that do not exhibit significant differentiation, while M1 shows minimal differentiation as well but can form some myeloid lineage markers. In addition to morphological characteristics (the appearance of cells under the microscope), cytogenetic analysis plays a crucial role in their classification. Specific chromosomal aberrations commonly associated with different subtypes of AML provide insights into the prognosis and potential treatment options. Understanding these genetic alterations is essential for accurate diagnosis and informing therapy, as they can influence the clinical course of the disease. While other aspects such as patient demographics or response to treatment can provide context in managing the disease, they do not form the primary criteria for the classification of AML subtypes M0 and M1. Thus, the focus on differentiation and chromosomal changes underscores the critical components of diagnosing and categorizing these leukemias effectively.