What is a common consequence of inadequate CO2 incubation in cultures?

Inadequate CO2 incubation in cultures commonly leads to cell death or changes in cell morphology. Cultured cells often rely on a controlled environment with adequate levels of CO2 to maintain proper pH and metabolic function. CO2 is crucial for maintaining the bicarbonate buffering system, which stabilizes the pH of the culture medium. If CO2 levels are insufficient, the pH may rise, leading to alkaline conditions that can be harmful to the cells. This can result in cell stress, inhibited growth, and ultimately cell death. Additionally, changes in pH can alter cellular morphology; for instance, cells may become rounded or exhibit irregular shapes as they respond to unfavorable conditions. The sensitivity of different cell types to CO2 levels can vary, but generally, maintaining appropriate CO2 concentrations is vital for healthy culture conditions.