American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Technologist in Cytogenetics certification (ASCP CG) Practice Test

What is the significance of chromosomal changes in AML types according to classification?

1. Chromosomal changes are crucial for defining AML M0

2. They play no role in differentiating between AML types

3. They are a major factor in differentiating AML M1 from other types

4. Chromosomal changes are only relevant for AML M3

The correct answer is: They are a major factor in differentiating AML M1 from other types

The significance of chromosomal changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) types is critical for accurate classification and understanding of the disease. In particular, these cytogenetic alterations help to differentiate AML M1 from other subtypes of AML. Chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations, inversions, and aneuploidies, are associated with specific subtypes of AML and can have substantial implications for prognosis and treatment decisions. The M1 subtype, characterized by myeloblastic morphology with minimal maturation, shows particular cytogenetic profiles that help to distinguish it from other types such as M2 or M3. For example, while M1 might exhibit certain aberrations, M2 might have translocations involving the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene on chromosome 15, which are critical in distinguishing between these subtypes. Thus, identifying these chromosomal changes is vital for diagnosis and understanding the biological behavior of the disease. In contrast, some subtypes, such as M3, known for its characteristic promyelocytic features and association with the t(15;17) translocation, have specific and distinct chromosomal changes that are well-defined. While chromosomal changes are acknowledged in AML M0 and M3